Supply Chain of Chicken Products at Tegel Limited NZ Report

Question: Examine about theSupply Chain of Chicken Products at Tegel Limited NZ. Answer: Presentation Since 1961, Tegel has kept on giving ordinary supper answer for the individuals of New Zealand. The business likewise offers various scopes of enclosure free and free chicken items. Their items are liberated from included hormones and development advancements. Tegel has a main market advancement that has consistently kept the business at the cutting edge of the continuously changing feast drifts thus guaranteeing that the business gives items that convey on the advanced needs of regularly changing ways of life of New Zealanders. Accordingly, Tegel Food Limited has affected emphatically on the lives of individuals of New Zealand (CHEN, XIE WANG 2007).This article targets assessing significant issues with respect to flexibly chain of chicken items in the organization. The system of how sourcing inputs are overseen at the business has likewise been given, and the jobs that are played by the activity plant in the technique has additionally been assessed. The key expectation of the techni ques of the business and how these arrangements will influence the flexibly chain and asset the executives in fates have been taken into control. Hence, all in all, this article attempts to assess the procedures referenced above and how in future these approaches will influence the general activity of Tegel Food Limited. How sourcing of Inputs is Managed The yields required for the creation of chicken items in this industry has been founded on the regularly changing patterns in the creation business and the changing interests of the customers. The information sources all the more so are being directed and affirmed by food researchers and experts who can satisfy the needs of purchasers. They are moreover helped by our analysts who can decide the patterns of the business sectors. There is additionally need to put together the assortment of contributions with respect to the wares that are in genuine interest. Providing food for the necessities of buyers is a genuine test in this procedure. The accompanying flavors that are utilized in the creation procedure are additionally contemplated. The following is a diagram that gives a factual review of how sourcing of data sources is overseen at the Tegel Industry in chicken creation (Kindleysides Lamwilai 2015). Jobs that the Operation Plant and Equipment Play in the Strategy Creation of chicken items is a procedural procedure that ought to be painstakingly seen to guarantee that the whole procedure is a triumph. Along these lines, it is essentially vital for activity plants to be utilized to ensure that adequacy is kept up. The administration plant will, in this way, assume an imperative job in the whole flexibly chain the executives procedure at the Tegel Food Limited Industry. The hardware is intended to offer a robotized support during the creation procedure. Exceptionally structured machines should be utilized to give proper blend and mix of fixings during the assembling procedure (Morel, Melai, James Reynolds 2003). During appropriation process, the activity plant is normal a progressively productive work bolster and lessen manual work that might be required simultaneously. Moreover, the machines are expected to lessen the remaining burden and offer help during complex choices that are not simpler to make. Key Strategic Intent of the Industry In the creation of chicken and the accompanying items, the Tegel Food Limited plans to augment the creation level of the considerable number of exercises that are completed during flexibly chain process. The organization has built up certain systems to guarantee that items are all inclusive expended even outside the New Zealand. Innovation changes is a basic key expectation of the business that targets augmenting the general yield of the business. The presentation of innovation will target guaranteeing that all the important information and data used to deal with the part are very much dealt with. Innovation will likewise help during the creation and dissemination process (Soukainen, Santala Tegel 2015). The business additionally plans to set and conform to new norms to administer the chain the executives procedure. There will be the need to agree to such guidelines to guarantee that there is an officially recorded arrangement of rules and guideline to meet worldwide market. The busi ness inevitably has settled its entrance to the global market to help in amplifying benefits and bringing down the expense of dealing with the whole creation process. We likewise target expanding the quantity of workers inside the business to help offering a way to entryway administrations. These procedures have been set with an eye on the rising patterns in the ever-changing way of life of the New Zealanders. The following is a graphical introduction of a portion of the exercises completed to help in gracefully chain the executives (Steer Bramley 2005). Flexibly Chain of Chicken Products at Tegel Limited How this will Affect the Supply Chain and Resource Management in Future The presentation of such system will change the flexibly chain the board in future. The methodologies ought to impth emphatically and adversely on the present organization of the business. Leveled out, it is normal that the methodologies sway the gracefully chain the executives decidedly. There ought to be expanded creation in chicken items because of the concentrated use of innovation in the assembling procedure (ZHAO XIE 2012). The set guidelines and guideline are relied upon to agree the business guidelines with those of global market making it simpler for the business to sell its items. Expanding benefit is key goal once the methodologies are actualized. The system between the creation procedures to the dispersion procedure should enlist an incredible decrease of work as the majority of the exercises are computerized. References CHEN, Y. Y., XIE, Y. L., WANG, W. (2007). Impact of Addition of SPI on the Formation and Stability of Paste. Grain Processing, 1, 022. Kindleysides, S., Lamwilai, P. (2015). Question and answer with Pawat Lamwilai microbiologist, GS Hall and friends constrained. Food New Zealand, 15(6), 28. Morel, P. C. H., Melai, J., James, E. A. C., Reynolds, G. W. (2003). NUTRITIVE EVALUATION OF FEATHER MEAL. Soukainen, M., Santala, J., Tegel, J. (2015). First Report of Erwinia amylovora, the Causal Agent of Fire Blight, on Pear in Finland. Plant Disease. Steer, T., Bramley, R. (2005, December). Limit displaying of the South Island chicken activity at Tegel Foods Ltd. In 40th ANNUAL CONFERENCE (p. 120). ZHAO, X., LI, H. L., XIE, J. W. (2012). Utilization of reaction surface technique in the advancement of fermenting innovation of Fructus Cannabis soaking wine. Food Science and Technology, 3, 038.

Malaysian Culture

Malaysian Culture. Presentation : Malaysia’s has a multicultural and multiethnic populace comprising of Malays, Chinese, Indians and Bumiputra of Sarawak and Sabah, in which individuals of various religions, nations of inceptions and race live in a tranquil and amicable society has affected its specialties and culture. Every one of Malays, Chinese, Indians and Bumiputra celebrates various merriments that they hold from their incredible distant grandparents. BODY : 1) First of all, Malays are the biggest network in Malaysia. Hari Raya Puasa and Hari Raya Haji are the most critical merriments that they celebrate with families and friends.Hari Raya Puasa, the day of festivity of denoting the finish of Ramadan (which is a month-significant stretch where fasting happens from dawn to nightfall) is the greatest occasion of the Muslim schedule. This is the point at which you will see Malay families spruced up in their best customary outfit like baju kurung and baju Melayu to check thi s extraordinary event. Like the Chinese during Chinese New Year, the Malays likewise have the custom of giving Angpau yet on this event it is known as duit raya and is given in green packets.Being a Malay and Muslim in Malaysia, the convention is that, when a year during the celebration of Hari Raya Aidilfitri, they plan rich merry food, for example, ketupat, hamburger rendang, lemang, satay and the Raya treats. At that point, Hari Raya Haji is commended roughly following 70 days the festivals of Hari Raya Aidilfitri. The antiquated Muslim celebration of Hari Raya Haji, otherwise called the â€Å"Festival of Sacrifice† that is praised more than two days by Muslims around the world. The celebration begins with supplications by male volunteers and the penance of sheep, goats and dairy animals to represent Phophet Ibrahim’s status to forfeit his own fragile living creature and blood. ) Next, the second significant populace is the Chinese individuals. They observe Chines e New Year, Mid-Autumn Festival and Hungry Ghost Festival. The date of the Chinese New Year is dictated by the lunar schedule and it regularly falls every year in either January or February. Being a significant occasion on the Chinese schedule, the Chinese inhabitants commend this event in sleek red or gold hues. Spring cleaning for this merry season is basic to generally Chinese and it is a typical sight to see red bits of paper with Chinese calligraphy bearing great wishes set onto entryways and walls.The dissemination of Angpauâ (red bundles containing cash) by guardians and family members to unmarried kids is a typical work on during this happy season. The Mid-Autumn Festival otherwise called Lantern Festival which falls on the fifteenth day of the eighth Chinese Lunar Calendar. This is a verifiable celebration instead of a strict one. It denotes the fruitful disobedience to the Mongol ruler dated back in fourteenth century China. Legend has shown that the mystery about a plot against the Mongolians was covered up inside the moon cake and the moon cake was appropriated generally. Lights were utilized around evening time as signs from higher grounds and hilltop.Today, this celebration is commended with moon cakes and lamp hanging in the house. The light and the moon cakes have pulled in numerous youngsters and grown-ups consideration. Next, the seventh month of the lunar schedule is the point at which the ravenous apparition celebration is praised. This occasion is a customary Chinese celebration praised worldwide by Chinese individuals and it includes the contribution of food and consuming of contributions for instance incense and papier-mache material things, for example, garments, gold, vehicles and houses as a type of predecessor revere with the importance of stretching out obedient devotion from relatives to their precursors significantly after their deaths.These contributions can be seen along side of the road and on open grounds as a methods for pac ifying and regarding the withdrew. In certain territories of Malaysia you may even get the opportunity viewing the Chinese dramas which are arranged to engage the meandering spirits. During this celebration, manikin shows are customarily held alongside live singing exhibitions. 3) Deepavali is one of the critical occasions celebrated by the Indians. This is a celebration when Indian people group are loaded up with lights, music, aromas, expressions and exhibitions. Referred to likewise as the â€Å"Festival of lights†, it is an event of festivity for the two Hindus and Sikhs.It marks the start of a New Year for certain North Indians, while some accept that the withdrew spirits of family members will dive during this time and columns of small oil lights are utilized to manage them on an excursion to the following scene. During this celebration, new garments are worn, and lively and brilliant lights, happy bazaars and social exercises breath life into the boulevards of the Indi an people group across Malaysia. 4) Next, we proceed onward to the Bumiputra. In Sarawak, Gawai Dayakâ marks the significant date for the Ibans ethnic gathering and denotes the finish of the paddy rice collect season.The Ibans welcome their companions, family and individuals from various ethnic gatherings to participate in the jollity celebrated in their longhouses. Toward the start of the function, petition is generally driven by the ancestral boss as a conventional method of looking for gifts from the divine beings, trailed by moves performed by men wearing warrior clothing. This is trailed by the most significant piece of the service; the soiling, a custom performed by the old who all the while mumble a serenade for harmony, security, insurance and an ample reap in the following season. In Sabah, Tadau Kaamatan is a reaping festivity held by the Kadazandusuns ethnic gatherings of Sabah.This is a festival of thanksgiving offered to the rice divine beings by the ranchers. Conseque ntly supplications are additionally held in trust in an adequate reap the next year. They express appreciation to the divine beings and spirits for gifts and a decent paddy reap. Sabah locals wear their customary outfits and appreciate a jamboree like environment, which is normally extends from day break to first light. Tapai, their natively constructed rice wine is unreservedly served during the celebrations. At that point, there is the Unduk Ngadau, a customary wonder challenge, in which, the most attractive in the land will take an interest, and a Kaamatan Queen will be selected.This is anyway no conventional excellence challenge, as it obviously owes its roots to the legend or story of the Kadazandusun’s beginning and their maker, Kinoingan’s penance of his solitary little girl, Huminodun for the love of his kin. Other than that, Christmas Day, which is held every year on Dec 25th, Christians praise the Nativity, or the introduction of Christ. Here in Malaysia, sin ce we live in a multi social nation with no day off, Malaysians will in general praise this merry seasons visiting loved ones. Shopping centers set up their enhancements and lights and Christians put their Christmas trees up one to about fourteen days before Christmas.As with all over the place, Christmas arrangements are done up to the last moment of December 24th. On Christmas Eve, Christians spruce up in their new garments and go to chapel for 12 PM administrations. Before mass starts they typically have outlines or plays by the kids and Christmas caroling. In most Christian homes, it is a custom to state a short supplication before doing whatever else. After the petitions most families have wine and nut cake to toast Christmas. After this, blessings are traded and they snap a lot of photographs of the individual opening the endowments. When the fervor has faded away they head on to bed.On Christmas day, families have a blowout and this is when companions of all religions get out and about to wish Merry Christmas. A few guests bring presents and blessings. The youngsters giggle with satisfaction as they get endowments and cash in a changed rendition of ‘ang-pow' from companions and family members. End : Each ethnic gathering has its own fundamental culture that isolates it from the others, and they have accomplished various degrees of coordination. Maybe the most straightforward approach to start to comprehend the profoundly intricate social collaboration which is Malaysia is to take a gander at the open entryway strategy kept up during strict festivals.Although Malaysia's diverse social conventions are as often as possible kept up by apparently independent ethnic networks, the entirety of Malaysia's people group make their ways for individuals from different societies during a strict celebration, to vacationers just as neighbors. Such comprehensiveness is something other than an approach to separate social boundaries and cultivate understanding. It i s a positive festival of a custom of resilience that has for centuries shaped the premise of Malaysia's advancement.

International Institutions Research Paper - 1375 Words

International Institutions (Research Paper Sample) Content: NameLecturerCourse3 May 2015International InstitutionsInternational Monetary Fund (IMF)The IMF is an international organization headquartered in Washington, D.C., the major aim of which is to help countries to secure financial stability, create employment opportunities, sustain their economic growth, and most importantly to foster global monetary cooperation. The organization consists of about 188 countries with some of them being members since foundation in 1944, and by 1945, it counted only 29 countries. The initial purpose of establishing the organization was the aim to reconstruct the international monetary system (International Monetary Fund, "About the IMFà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ).The countries who are members of the organization contribute funds through a quota system, which they can borrow when they have some economic difficulties. The total quotas made up US$327 billion in March 2015, while additional pledged or committed resources made up US$885 billion in the same y ear (International Monetary Fund, "About the IMFà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ).The organization, besides all the other activities keeps track of member countriesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ economies and analyses them. If a countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s economy is in turmoil, IMF will help but before then, through the organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s monitoring and analysis, they will see the problems prior to their occurrence and demand for self-correcting policies from the country. According to the organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s specifications, it is mandated to promote international, promoting international economic cooperation, helping countries create employment opportunities, and also stabilize exchange rate of which includes providing financial support to member countries when the need arises (International Monetary Fund, "About the IMFà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ).Nevertheless, member countries that are offered the loans or the funds are supposed to stabilize their economy and begin to pay back to the organization. Furthermore, the member co untries that face the economic problems are mandated to conserve the international economy by extension the reputation of the organization through solving their problems in a reputable manner and ways that are economically legal and friendly to everyone. These conditions were set to prevent some countries from becoming self-centered and take on measures that may affect other countriesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ economies (Das 572).When a member country is offered a loan, they are also given terms referred to as the Articles of Agreement. These agreements are signed by the specific countries being given the loan and they are supposed to implement the agreements accordingly. In addition, they are also supposed to ensure that they will bring back their economy to the right state or rectify the required structural or macroeconomic imbalances. In order for a country to pay back the loan, making the required correction is the only option for it to be successful. The IMF, besides offering the loans, provi des any necessary help to the country faced with the economic difficulty (International Monetary Fund, "How the IMF Promotes Global Economic Stabilityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ).Every country has different weight in the IMF which depends on their quota in organization. The quota of a country is determined on the basis of its weight in the world economy. Quota in its turn defines the number of votes given to the country. Due to this, the U.S. having the highest quota, has the biggest number of votes, hence has the greater ability to influence the policies of the organization. The body does not have restrictive requirements for members though there are few specifications after membership. These are: (1)the obligation of making the necessary periodic membership payments; (2) necessity to follow the code of conduct under the IMF articles of agreement; (3) prohibition to engage in any currency restrictions before being permitted by the organization; and (4) need for every country to provide its na tional economic details. Stricter rules are the ones that are given along with loans as it is one sensitive matter. Member countries are to share economic policies so that they can help each other in bettering their economies and to motivate each other. They can also help each other financially, technically in banking matters, and even on exchange and trade matters. Member countries have largely benefited from the services of the organizations (Van 1662). Moreover, they have a way out of economic situations hence their economic strength and the fostered international affairs including trade and investment.World Trade Organization (WTO)WTO is an intergovernmental organization formed on January 1, 1995, with the aim of regulating international trade. The organization had 123 member states by the time it was formed, and this is because it had been formed from the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade under the Marrakech Agreement and in April 2015 its membership consisted of 161 count ries (World Trade Organization, "WTO: Who We Areà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ). The main principles of the orgatisation are non-dscrimination, transparency in trade, fair competition, facilitation of trade and assistance to developing countries, and environment protection. Trade regulation by the organization is attained through negotiations of trade agreements and dispute resolution which are its immediate duty. Members of the organization should adhere to specific agreements set and agreed by them in the name of the organization (World Trade Organization, "WTO: Who We Areà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ). Before rules or agreements become law, member states should go through them and ratify them, and it is only then that the agreements become enforced.This organization exhibits some form of preference, where the process of becoming a member is different to every candidate country. The terms for joining it are based on the countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s economic state and the current trade regime; this is the process which officially takes at least 5 years, however this time period can be affected by other issues including political and economic matters that might befall the country during the process of accession. For instance, Kyrgyzstan is a country that took the least time ever to join the organization while Russia took the longest time. Russia first applied to join the organization in 1993 and it was only until December 2011 when it was accepted in. Some countries are given terms that are hard to take on and may take time to put into action; given the uncertainty of the economic and political conditions, most of them fail to meet the terms (Van 1663). For instance, Vanuatu requested to join the organization in 1995 and was not able to meet the terms and in 2008, it requested more time to reconsider the package or the terms. The country was reconvened in 2011 and it was only until August 24, 2012, when it was accepted as the 157th member after scrutiny by a commission that had been in the country since May 2, 2011.The Ministerial Conference is the highest decision making body of the organization. It is in charge of making important decisions under the multilateral trade agreement and is also in charge of assembling all members of the organization for meetings where important trade discussions are carried out. The first ministerial conference was held in Singapore in 1996, and it was not much of a breakthrough as it was marked by disputes. Member countries could not agree on some policies that have been collectively referred to as the "Singapore issuesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . The third conference held in Seattle, Washington, was also rocked with disagreements and was even a greater failure than the first one. It was marked by massive demonstrations in the country and the N...

Rice Was Released By The Ravens And Indefinitely Suspended

Rice was released by the Ravens and indefinitely suspended by the NFL on Sept. 8 of last year. Rice was ordered to serve his suspension in full, and complete therapy and training in domestic abuse education groups in order to be reinstated, which he has completed successfully. In May of this year, John Clayton of ESPN listed teams that could possibly pursue Rice now that he is eligible to play. The list included the Dallas Cowboys, Cleveland Browns, Oakland Raiders, New England Patriots, and the Indianapolis Colts. On July 24, Ed Werder of ESPN reported that Rice and a group of supporters, including former Tampa Bay Buccaneers and Rutgers head coach Greg Schiano, have been initiating contact with various NFL teams in an attempt to get the passed-over player into training camp. Though the assault is certainly a tremendous factor in his struggle to be signed, he’s also seen as declining player at a position built for a young player. Rice’s rushing yards, average per carry, and touchdown totals declined in each of this final three years with the Ravens. Rice is certainly not the only player to involve himself in a violent crime. Adrian Peterson physically abused his son, and Greg Hardy physically assaulted a woman after a night of drinking; threatening to kill her. Peterson received a restructured contract with the Minnesota Vikings that includes millions in new guaranteed money, and Hardy signed with the Dallas Cowboys even before his suspension was reduced two weeks agoShow MoreRelatedDr. Robert Harrison s Speech Essay4022 Words   |  17 Pageswill attempt to identify how they attempted to justify what they did and the consequences of their actions. Also, he will be expected to include thoughts on why honesty is, after all, important. NFL Commissioner Robert Goodell and Former Ravens RB Ray Rice ​There are thousands of public figures who are in the spotlight every day. 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The incident occurred in February of 2014Read MoreThe Issue Of Domestic Violence2302 Words   |  10 PagesDomestic violence has become a hot topic lately in articles, newspapers and even discussions on popular News channels. The controversial topic’s importance was ultimately ignited by the video released by TMZ of Ray Rice, the Ravens star running back, striking his then fiancà ©, Janay Palmer, knocking her unconscious in a casino elevator. Rice proceeds to drag Palmer’s body carelessly out of the elevator and leaves her lying on the floor, still unconscious. The releases of the videos showing whatRead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects On The Society Essay1699 Words   |  7 Pa gesadvantage. This research paper will be discussing the history of domestic violence, different types of domestic violence and program out there that was specially created to help domestic violence victims and ways to prevent it. Background In 1920, domestic violence became illegal in all states. During that time, it was not considered domestic violence; it was called or known as â€Å"wife beating†. (*cite*). It wasn’t until the 1970’s where the criminal justice system begun to treat domestic violence as aRead MoreDomestic Violence Is A Major Issue Throughout Today s Society1956 Words   |  8 Pagesanswer is all of them. Domestic violence frequently happens throughout various sports such as four cases for the NBA in 2013. (DeGette). Semyan Varlamav of the NHL was charged with a domestic violence charge, kidnapping, and third degree assault, along with others who have been charged with domestic violence in that league. (DeGette). Ray Rice is currently in the spotlight for the NFL after beating his then wife, and now fiancà ©, although he definitely is not the only one. (Taylor). NASCAR star Kurt BushRead MoreDomestic Violence Effects On Children2318 Words   |  10 Pageson average, four percent higher in poverty level households, than in well-to-do homes (Family Violence). However, one of the most high-profile domestic violence cases deals with a professional football player in the NFL, Ray Rice. He knocked out his then, fiancà ©e and it was caught on camera (Criticism). According to the sociological theory, social status would not be the trigger for the violence towards his fiancà ©e. This theory would then blame Rice’s upbringing for his outburst. The belief system

Living Room free essay sample

A Peaceful Environment The living room can be a place for family to gather, Sometimes I like to read when it’s peaceful and quiet. My family uses our living room for many things such as movie nights, sitting by the fire place during winter and throwing family gatherings. The place is used quite a bit at my house; it’s quite the popular place to be in. usually, when I’m home alone, I often watch television while having a snack. Though sometimes the room can be extremely loud and not a very good place to be in, I still love it no matter what. In my living room, we have a brown recliner chair. On the left side of the chair there is a black lamp beside four pictures that are not currently set up yet. On the right side of the recliner chair stand a table which holds our board games, books, magazines, and letters. We will write a custom essay sample on Living Room or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page By the table there is a chest of drawers which holds are pictures and decorations. Then we have our beautiful soft brown couch which is so comfortable and big. The multicolor ataman in front of our couch is used for decoration, but also as a foot rest. We also have a black fire place with a cabinet on the right side that holds our electronics and blankets. The black television is mounted on the wall above the fireplace. Having such a living room is a nice way to relax when coming home from a busy day. It brings families together.

Level of Awareness on Domestic Violence free essay sample

In the Republic Act 9262, the term domestic violence refers to violence between adult intimate partners. However, in this study, domestic violence may mean violence towards a child. It is the maltreatment, whether habitual or not, of the child (Republic Act 7610). It includes psychological, emotional, sexual and economic maltreatment. Accounts of domestic violence have increased in recent years. It can have different forms including physical abuse, physical neglect, sexual abuse, emotional abuse and neglect (Kozier, 2004). Today, the cost to children and to society of children’s exposure to domestic violence is enormous (Carter, 1999). Every child is exposed to a various degree of violence depending on its kind. Such children coming from the poor families are more likely to be affected. In fact, many families in which domestic violence are present suffer from lack of financial support to support to sustain them every day, thus provoking them to be stressed and cause trouble. We will write a custom essay sample on Level of Awareness on Domestic Violence or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Furthermore, it was postulated on Bowen’s concept of family emotional system that describes four basic relationship patterns that govern where problems develop in a family and the level of tension depends on the stress a family encounters, how a family adapts to the stress, and on a familys connection with extended family and social networks. Tension increases the activity of one or more of the four relationship patterns which are the marital conflict, dysfunction in one spouse, impairment of one or more children and lastly the motional distance. Our study was afflicted with the impairment of one or more children that when a mother or father gives more emphasis to the child then the child become more anxious to them thus aggravating the fair to communicate and the parents become vulnerable the do some negative actions towards the helpless child. The basic relationship patterns result in family tensions coming to rest in certain parts of the family. The more anxiety one person or one relationship absorbs, the less other people must absorb. This means that some family members maintain their functioning at the expense of others. People do not want to hurt each other, but when anxiety chronically dictates behavior, someone usually suffers for it. Moreover, children are survival-oriented and they model their surrounding behavior to learn the lessons of survival (Capello, 2005). Although some children who witness and experience community violence may be able to recover from the incident, many others are deeply scarred. Such chronically traumatized children often appear deadened to feelings and pain, and show guarded emotional development over time (Osofsky, 1999). They may feel helpless and see the world as fickle, unfriendly, and frightening whenever they witness and experience domestic violence. In addition, a child is faced with a crushing task of finding a sense of trust in an untrustworthy environment, safety in an unsafe situation and control in a terrifying and unpredictable environment. Overall, children’s responses to their experiences with domestic violence vary. Children may come back with any of an array of modification problems and psychopathology, or may take on from their experiences reasonably safe. Factors that appear to affect these responses include the child’s proximity to the violence, (That is what the child actually experienced, saw or heard), the child’s temperament, the age of the child at the time(s) of exposure, the severity and duration of the violence, and the availability of adults who can emotionally protect or sustain the child (Culross,1999). In addition, the existence of adult figures in children’s lives can mitigate the child’s experience of trauma and promote effective coping. Related Studies One of the problems that social scientists, researchers, doctors, and advocates have in documenting the numbers of victims of domestic violence is the shame attached to an act of violence between family members and intimate partners. Ones home is believed to be a place of safety and refuge, so when violence occurs in that refuge, the doers and victims are often unwilling and even fearful to report the incident to outside persons or agencies (Educational Encyclopedia, 2004). Berkovitz (1998), in his review noted that poverty, or a more complex variable of economic deprivation, was a good predicator of aggressive behavior. Anderson and Anderson’s (1998) model testing founded that socio-economic status was positively related to violent crime, independent of other factors. Furthermore, Jewkes’ (2002) postulated that there is a strong positive correlation between poverty and rates of violence. Moreover, this relationship may be reconciled through stress or a crisis in male role identity. Consequently, sociologists were able to postulate social-organization theories in trying to explain the greater amounts of domestic violence existing in our society. These theories claim causes of domestic violence which can be found in the structure of the society. Hence, its effect on how the family members relate to each other is also presented in the theories (Glass, Laughon, and Campbell, 2004). In addition, Levinson (1989) in his study, found more severe physical punishment of children in more complex societies and in societies with more single-parent families. Incidentally, researches have documented that age and gender are linked with domestic violence. Young children are at risk for domestic violence. Thus, with increasing age and increasing independence, the risk for domestic violence decreases (Gary, Campbell, Humphreys, 2004). The gender of the abused child is essential in establishing the degree of abuse. Male and female cope in a different way, depending on the societal culture and norms. Conversely, female are more vulnerable from the beginning. The burden of adversity falls heavily upon them: malnutrition, infection and illiteracy are more prevalent among them than among males, influencing how they perceive their experiences and life chances. On the other hand, a child’s age must be gathered upon the time of maltreatment and of disclosure. Their age at the time when the violence occurred measures the children’s ability to grasp the experience and therefore also determines the impact of abuse on them. The child’s age is vital in evaluating their ability to comprehend their situation and extract a meaning out of the experience. In addition, the child’s age is also important in measuring their ability to relate their experience. (Marcelino, et. al, 2000) Finally, efforts in trying to understand the fundamentals of domestic violence have been made through postulating theories. These theories serve as guide-lines that could aid the researchers in assessing the perception and level of awareness of the children towards domestic violence. One theory stated that children learn through modeling. Therefore, a child exposed in a violent community is subjected to acquiring violent behaviors. Hence, children who observe and participate in aggressive acts may continue to participate in them in their adult lives (Gary, Campbell, Humphreys, 2004) Synthesis Domestic Violence (sometimes refers to as domestic abuse or spousal abuse) occurs when a family member attempts to physically or psychologically dominate another. It is perpetrated by both men and women, occurring in both same-sex and opposite-sex relationships (Wikepedia, 2007). However, in this study, domestic violence may mean the kind of violence or abuse inflicted on children. Furthermore, it seriously threatens the health and emotional well-being of children (Fantuzzo Mohr, 1999). In the past decade, a growing body of empirical research has demonstrated that children who live in households affected by domestic violence experience a deleterious effect on their development. In addition, they may be unable to elicit or respond to disclosures about their situation. Data suggests that such exposure has long-term consequences for a child’s well being, ultimately affecting their adult functioning (Culross, 1999). Furthermore, exposure to domestic violence can now have serious effects on children. These effects may include behavioral problems such as aggressions, phobias, insomnia, low-self esteem, and depression (Groves, 1999). The study gives emphasis on the different forms of domestic violence that may define the level of awareness of the public high school students. In this study, the researchers include the variables such as age, sex, estimated monthly family income, and the children’s parent’s marital status. This is to find out if the level of awareness of the public highschool students toward domestic violence may be related to their profile.

european enlightenment essays

european enlightenment essays The Enlightenment was an era in human history in which thinkers and philosophers were convinced that they were rising from centuries of obscurity and unawareness into a new age made clear by reason and a respect for humanity. A number of thinkers and writers, mainly in England and France, believed that they were more educated and informed than their fellow citizens and intended to enlighten them. Society and humanity were seen as being in an inferior condition, and major changes were needed to improve the human condition. However, this belief in progress did not appear out of nowhere, it was instigated by two major historical events: the Protestant Reformation and the Scientific Revolution. Both of these key elements had major effects on the ideas and changes which appeared during the Enlightenment. The Protestant Reformation was a challenging of the Catholic churches domination over the politics, economics, and culture of European society. The Scientific Revolution was an influentia l time during which, not only natural scientific and technological advances were made, but also changes in the structure of human thought were established. Both the Protestant Reformation and the Scientific Revolution were events which preceded and directly affected the era of Enlightenment in the history of humankind. The Enlightenment was a consistent progression of these two scientific and religious events, the areas most affected being politics, religion, and the social development of the world. In the modern Western world, the greatest issue at the heart of the political debate was the question of the legitimacy of authority. The arguments revolved around the notions of order, authority, and rights. Prior to the 17th century, nations had been lead my monarchs, such as Kings and Queens, but in reality countries were divided. Nations were fragmented by feudalism and divided into states and political units, each having its own political agenda. Th...